Introduction: LLM API calls are expensive and slow. Caching is your first line of defense against runaway costs and latency. But caching LLM responses isn’t straightforward—the same question phrased differently should return the same cached answer. This guide covers caching strategies for LLM applications: exact match caching for deterministic queries, semantic caching using embeddings for […]
Read more →OpenAI API Complete Guide: From Chat Completions to Assistants
A comprehensive guide to the OpenAI API covering GPT-4o, function calling, the Assistants API, vision capabilities, and production best practices with code examples.
Read more →ML.NET for Custom AI Models: When to Use ML.NET vs Cloud APIs
Six months ago, I faced a critical decision: build a custom ML model with ML.NET or use cloud APIs. The project required real-time fraud detection with zero latency tolerance. Cloud APIs were too slow. ML.NET was the answer. But when should you use ML.NET vs cloud APIs? After building 15+ production ML systems, here’s what […]
Read more →Architecting the Moment: Real-Time Data Processing in Modern Cloud Systems
After two decades of architecting data systems across financial services, healthcare, and e-commerce, I’ve witnessed the evolution from batch-only processing to today’s sophisticated real-time architectures. The shift isn’t just about speed—it’s about fundamentally changing how organizations make decisions and respond to events. This article shares battle-tested insights on building production-grade real-time data processing systems in […]
Read more →Rate Limiting for LLM APIs: Token Buckets, Queues, and Adaptive Throttling
Introduction: LLM APIs have strict rate limits—requests per minute, tokens per minute, and concurrent request limits. Exceeding these limits results in 429 errors that can cascade through your application. Effective rate limiting on your side prevents hitting API limits, provides fair access across users, and enables graceful degradation under load. This guide covers practical rate […]
Read more →AI Security: Defending Against Prompt Injection and LLM Attacks
A comprehensive guide to securing LLM applications against prompt injection, jailbreaking, and data exfiltration attacks. Includes production-ready defense implementations.
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