Building AI Chatbots with Memory: From Stateless to Intelligent Assistants

Introduction: Chatbots without memory feel robotic—they forget your name, repeat questions, and lose context mid-conversation. Production chatbots need sophisticated memory systems: short-term memory for the current conversation, long-term memory for user preferences and history, and summary memory to compress long interactions. This guide covers implementing these memory patterns: conversation buffers, vector-based retrieval, automatic summarization, and […]

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Google Gemini API: Building Multimodal AI Applications with 2M Token Context

Introduction: Google’s Gemini API represents a significant leap in multimodal AI capabilities. Launched in December 2023, Gemini models are natively multimodal, trained from the ground up to understand and generate text, images, audio, and video. With context windows up to 2 million tokens and native Google Search grounding, Gemini offers unique capabilities for building sophisticated […]

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Prompt Optimization: From Few-Shot to Automated Tuning

Introduction: Prompt engineering is both art and science—small changes in wording can dramatically affect LLM output quality. Systematic prompt optimization goes beyond trial and error to find prompts that consistently perform well. This guide covers proven optimization techniques: few-shot learning with carefully selected examples, chain-of-thought prompting for complex reasoning, structured output formatting, prompt compression for […]

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LLM Cost Optimization: Model Routing, Token Reduction, and Budget Management

Introduction: LLM API costs can escalate quickly—a single GPT-4 call costs 100x more than GPT-4o-mini for the same tokens. Effective cost optimization requires a multi-pronged approach: intelligent model routing based on task complexity, aggressive caching for repeated queries, prompt optimization to reduce token usage, and batching to maximize throughput. This guide covers practical cost optimization […]

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Deep Dives into EKS Monitoring and Observability with CDKv2

Running production workloads on Amazon EKS demands more than basic health checks. After managing dozens of Kubernetes clusters across various industries, I’ve learned that the difference between a resilient system and a fragile one often comes down to how deeply you can see into your infrastructure. This guide shares the observability patterns and CDK-based automation […]

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